Flagellar Motors: How Bacteria Achieve Nearly 100% Energy Efficiency

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Diagram of the Stator and the Structure of Its Sodium Ion PathwayElectron microscopy images reveal crucial structures and mechanisms within the molecular machinery that certain bacteria use for propulsion. When discussing motors, most people think of those in vehicles or machines. However, biological motors have existed for millions of years in microorganisms. Many bacteria use tail-like structures called flagella, which rotate to propel them through fluids. […]

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